Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is grounded in understanding the relationship between environment and behavior. The ABC model — Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence — gives practitioners a framework for assessing why a behavior occurs and how to shape it. In this article, we break down each component with real classroom examples from our training programmes.
Antecedent The antecedent is what happens immediately before a behavior. It could be an instruction, a transition, or an environmental trigger. Identifying antecedents helps practitioners design proactive strategies.
Behavior This is the observable, measurable action. Precise definition is essential — ‘tantrum’ is not measurable, but ‘crying for more than 30 seconds while lying on the floor’ is.
Consequence What follows the behavior determines whether it will recur. Reinforcement strengthens behavior; punishment weakens it. Ethical ABA prioritizes positive reinforcement.
